The difference between a 5-panel and a 10-panel drug test comes down to how many substance classes are screened. Both use a urine sample, both follow standard collection procedures, and both can be done as walk-ins at our Ashburn lab.
The 5-panel drug test is the federal DOT standard. It screens for amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), and THC (marijuana). DOT-regulated employers — CDL drivers, transportation, aviation, federally contracted industries — are required to use the 5-panel under federal protocol. Many non-regulated employers also use it because it is the most affordable option.
The 10-panel drug test screens the same five substances plus barbiturates, benzodiazepines, methadone, propoxyphene, and methaqualone. It is the most common non-DOT employer screen because it catches prescription-medication misuse alongside illicit drugs. Healthcare employers, safety-critical roles, and many corporate HR programs default to the 10-panel.
The 12-panel adds two more substance classes (typically additional opioids and synthetic drugs like ecstasy/MDMA). It is less common than the 10-panel but is increasingly requested in healthcare and education employment screening.
Which one should you order? Check the specific paperwork your employer, court, or program issued. If they did not specify, the safe defaults are: 5-panel for DOT, 10-panel for most non-DOT employers, 12-panel for healthcare. When in doubt, call us — we can help you match the order to the requirement.